Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Examiner: 'Now I am going to say some numbers, but this time when I stop I want you say them backwards. Administer both spans of the same length regardless of how the participant performs. Some published research suggests that Digit Span forward should be interpreted differently from Digit Span backward. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. Say the digits at a rate of 1 digit about every 1 sec. The Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Scales is used to measure Freedom from Distractibility or Working Memory. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL).
#BACKWARD DIGIT SPAN EPRIME PLUS#
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. Scientists refer to short-term memory, or working memory, as the cognitive system that allows the temporary storage and manipulation of information. The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. The science behind digit span reveals why its associated more with verbal ability than short-term memory alone. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Ruger HA and Bussenius CE, Trans) (Original work published in 1885). Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower, The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. Results suggest that the Corsi backward task is not the spatial analogue of the Digit backward task and that it involves specific spatial processes.Baddeley, A. In fact, results revealed a significant impairment in the backward version of the Corsi test in the VSLD group, but not in the forward version, and in the Digit Span tasks. However, for the Corsi task, this difference was present only for VSLD children. The comparison between the forward and backward span versions showed that both visuospatial learning disabled children (VSLD) and controls presented with the Digit Span had a lower performance with the backward version. In Study 1, participants were administered a verbal span test (Digit Span test) and a visuospatial span test (Corsi Blocks task) both in the forward and backward versions, while in Study 2 only the Corsi test was administered. This research tested the hypotheses that the backward spatial span does not involve the controlled use of the same type of sequential spatial processing involved in the forward version, that its impairment is modality specific, and that children with specific visuospatial learning disabilities (VSLD) have lower performance in backward than in forward Corsi Blocks test, compared to a control group. For example, it has been argued that (in its comparison with the forward version) it has the same implications as the backward digit span and/or it requires the use of amodal central executive components of working memory.
#BACKWARD DIGIT SPAN EPRIME SERIES#
The clinical use of backward spatial short-term memory tasks, and in particular of the Corsi backward task, it has increased and it has generated a series of theoretical hypotheses.
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